08/09/2023
On this day in 1997 Madame Jeanne Calment passed away at a nursing home in Arles, France, at the ripe old age of 122 years and 164 days, making her the longest-lived verified human. Born in Arles in 1875, she lived through 20 French presidencies, both world wars, and innumerable social transformations and technological advances. She outlived her husband by 55 years, her daughter by 63 years, and her only grandchild by 34 years. As a young woman, she met Vincent Van Gough, who she remembered being “ugly like a louse,” and “more interested in drinking than painting.”
In 1969, at age 94, Madame Calment sold her apartment to a notary in Arles, under an arrangement (common in France) that she would continue to own the apartment until her death and requiring the notary to make monthly payments to her during her life. By the time notary died in 1995 he had paid Madame Calment over twice the value of the apartment and had never been able to take possession of it. When asked to comment, Madame Calment replied, “in life, one sometimes makes bad deals.”
Madame Calment was still riding her bicycle up until her 100th birthday and daily climbed the stairs to her unheated apartment, one of only four places she ever lived. She continued to live on her own until age 110, when she moved into a nursing home. She quit smoking at age 117 but never gave up her nightly glass of port. Her longevity made Madame Calment a celebrity and she remains the longest-lived verified person, outliving runner-up Kane Tanaka of Japan (who died last April) by over 3 years.
In December 2018 Russian mathematician and amateur gerontologist Nikolay Zak published a paper claiming that the woman who died in Arles claiming to be Jeanne Calment was in fact her 99-year-old daughter Yvonne. Zak theorized that Jeanne died in 1934 and her daughter assumed her identity (Zak was never able to establish a plausible motive for the fraud). Because Madame Calment’s life was so much longer than those of other verified supercentenarians, some skepticism is understandable. But after carefully again reviewing the evidence, international gerontologists and French authorities denied Zak’s allegations and reaffirmed Madame Calment’s age, identity, and status as the world's longest-lived person.
Jeanne Calment died at age 122 on August 4, 1997, twenty-six years ago today. The photographs show her at age 20 and at age 122.