02/26/2018
New Article on Antifreeze Coolant Basics
Antifreeze Basics
Ensuring the correct antifreeze and testing for effectiveness is critical to cooling system performance
By Ron Schornstein
President and CEO
Acustrip Company
Almost two thirds of all engine failures can be attributed to cooling system problems. Today as well, new engine designs for improved fuel efficiency and lower emissions have raised operating temperatures and pressures, adding to the demands on cooling systems.
The proper antifreeze is vital to engine operation and protection. Advanced coolants are formulated for corrosion and scale build up prevention, high temperature stability and heat transfer, protection from freezing, and compatibility with hard water and plastics.
Traditionally, freeze protection and heat transfer has been provided by a mixture of water and ethylene glycol in a recommended concentration of 40% to 60% by volume. More recently, propylene glycol has been introduced as a less toxic alternative to ethylene glycol. Developments have also led to the introduction of Organic Acid Technology (OAT) coolants because the corrosion inhibitors in OAT products last longer than those in traditional antifreeze.
For new vehicles, manufacturers choose an effective coolant based on engine design. National standards such as ASTM D 3306, 4985 and 6210 are used as minimum specifications. Vehicle OEMs and coolant manufacturers, such as Champion, Ford, Fleetguard, Heritage, Cummins, Volvo and Mack, Navistar, Penray, Prestone, OWI, Caterpillar, Valvoline, WIX, Navy, US Coast Guard, Donaldson, and others have their own specifications and many also have private label products.
When coolant fluid levels are low, it is recommended that refills are made with formulations with the same specifications to avoid compatibility issues, and so the warranty is not affected. In addition, even beyond the warranty period it is still advisable to follow the vehicle manufacturer’s coolant recommendation.
While vehicle cooling systems are under pressure and designed to be sealed and leak free under normal circumstances, monitoring coolant levels during inspections and routine preventive maintenance can help detect leaks and address problems before they lead to costly repairs. These include defective or deteriorated seals, blown head gaskets and improperly torqued head bolts, warped or cracked cylinder heads, cracked blocks or cylinder heads, corrosion damage to cylinder liners, and thermostat and water pump failures.
Most vehicle and coolant manufacturers recommend the use of test strips during coolant system inspections and maintenance. Acustrip provides a variety of coolant test strips that can be used during routine service to help ensure that coolant is adequately protecting cooling systems.
The ACU1050 Complete Test Kit is for testing conventional or extended life coolants in autos and trucks for nitrite, freeze point, molybdate, pH, and reserve alkalinity levels.
The ACU1550 series (ACUTEST1) measures all types of coolant for freeze point and boil over, as well as corrosion protection. The ACU1550 and 40132 series are suitable for testing OAT-based (IAT, NOAT and HOAT) coolants.
The ACUSTRIP ACU5050 Series CTS-5 Cool Check 3-Way Water Check test strips are an easy, effective way to determine if coolant make-up water meets OEM, TMC and ASTM specifications for pH, chloride and hardness levels.
The CTS/3, CTS4, 3000 and 40240 series are available to test Heavy Duty Antifreeze Coolants matching OEM maintenance specifications. They also provide added test ranges for evaluation of protection of the supplemental additives in cooling systems using all OAT-based (NOAT and HOAT) coolants. The strips measure pH and concentration of antifreeze coolant inhibitors.
To accompany test kits, Acustrip also offers the DCR500 duo refractometer to measure both ethylene and propylene based coolant/antifreeze mixtures according to ASTM Method 3321 Standard Practice for the Use of Determining the Freezing point of Aqueous Engine coolants. Available as well are the Acustrip pH pen, which provides a digital readout of the pH level that is crucial to the protection of a cooling system, and a conductivity pen to measure the concentration of total dissolved solids.
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