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Gear | Definition, Advantages, Disadvantages, Types, Applications

What is a Gear?
A Gear is a machine component, which is used to transmit mechanical power from one shaft to the other by successively engaging its teeth.

Gears are one of the most used method of mechanical power transmission in the machines. Power transmission by the gears have almost 100% efficiency.

Advantages of Gear drive
It is positive drive hence velocity remains constant
Provisions for changing velocity ratios can be made with the help of gear box
Its efficiency is very high
It can be used even for low speeds
It can transmit high torque values
It is compact in construction
Disadvantages of Gear drive
They are not suitable when shafts are distant
At high speeds noise and vibration happens
It requires lubrication
It has no flexibility
Reasons of Gear failure
There are following reasons of Gear failure.

Abrasive wear
Corrosive wear
Initial pitting
Destructive pitting
Scoring
Depending on the requirement and place of use there are several types of Gears.

Types of Gears
Parallel shafts
This is the case when we have to transmit power between two parallel shafts.

Spur gears
Spur Gears are used for the power transfer in the shafts which are parallel to each other. They have straight teeth as shown in above image.
Spur rack and pinion
The long bar shown in the image is known as rack and the gear is known as pinion. We know that in a gear meshing, generally small Gear is known as Pinion but why the single Gear used here is known as Pinion.

The reason is we consider the Rack as a very large Gear with infinite diameter so that it looks almost straight and hence the other gear than rack is known as pinion.
Helical gears or helical spur gears
Helical gears are almost same as spur gears but they have inclined teeth for uniform and silent teeth meshing. Power transmitting capacity of helical spur gears is more than that of normal spur gears
Engineering Books

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